Bone fractures are typically expected to heal over time, but what happens when they don’t? Can a bone actually remain broken indefinitely? Let’s explore the intriguing world of nonunion and delayed union fractures to answer this question.
What Are Nonunion and Delayed Union Fractures?
When a bone fracture fails to heal properly, it can result in either a nonunion or a delayed union. A nonunion occurs when the broken bone fragments do not grow back together, while a delayed union refers to a fracture that heals very slowly over months. In some cases, a fracture may heal but with incorrect alignment, known as a malunited fracture.
Can a Bone Really Stay Broken Forever?
In the case of a nonunion fracture, the bone can indeed remain broken indefinitely if left untreated. This means that the fracture site will not fuse, and the bone will not regain its structural integrity. As a result, patients may experience persistent pain, swelling, and tenderness at the fracture site, which can worsen over time.
What Causes Nonunion and Delayed Union Fractures?
Several factors can contribute to the development of nonunion or delayed union fractures:
Inadequate blood supply to the bone
Diabetes
Smoking
Certain medications (e.g., anti-inflammatory drugs)
Nutritional deficiencies
Bone infections (osteomyelitis)
How Are These Fractures Diagnosed?
Orthopedic specialists diagnose nonhealing fractures based on symptoms and imaging tests. Persistent pain months after an injury, combined with X-ray evidence of incomplete healing, often confirms the diagnosis. In some cases, doctors may measure the fracture’s bending stiffness to assess healing progress.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for nonunion and delayed union fractures may include:
Surgical intervention to stabilize the bone
Bone grafting to promote healing
Electrical stimulation or ultrasound therapy
Addressing underlying health issues
Lifestyle changes (e.g., quitting smoking, improving nutrition)
Can These Fractures Be Prevented?
While not all nonunion or delayed union fractures can be prevented, some steps can reduce the risk:
Ensuring proper initial fracture treatment
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Following post-fracture care instructions
Addressing underlying health conditions
Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption