How to Repair Windows 10 and 11: A Step-by-Step Guide

When your Windows 10 or 11 system starts misbehaving, with worsening performance or stability issues, it may be time to consider repairing the operating system. This process involves using the built-in tools and files of Windows itself to fix corrupted or missing system files, restore settings, and get your PC back on track. Before attempting any repairs, it’s crucial to back up your important data to an external drive to prevent data loss.

Step 1: Using DISM and SFC for System Repair

The first step in repairing Windows is to use the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool and the System File Checker (SFC) to scan and repair system files.

To do this:

• Open an elevated Command Prompt by searching for “cmd” in the Start menu, right-clicking on “Command Prompt,” and selecting “Run as administrator.”
• Type the following command and press Enter: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
• Once DISM completes, type sfc /scannow and press Enter to run the System File Checker.
• Restart your computer and check if the issue is resolved.

Step 2: Using System Restore or Image Backup

If the issue persists after running DISM and SFC, you can try restoring your system to a previous state using System Restore or an image backup.

To use System Restore:

• Open the Start menu and search for “Create a restore point.”
• Click on “System Restore” and follow the prompts to select a restore point.
• Once the restore process is complete, restart your computer.

If you have a recent image backup of your system, you can restore it using a recovery drive or installation media.

Step 3: Performing a Clean Boot

If the issue is caused by a conflicting third-party application or driver, you can try performing a clean boot to isolate the problem.

To do this:

• Open the Start menu and search for “msconfig.”
• Click on “System Configuration” and go to the “Services” tab.
• Check the “Hide all Microsoft services” box and click “Disable all.”
• Go to the “Startup” tab and click “Open Task Manager.”
• Disable all startup items and close Task Manager.
• Click “OK” and restart your computer.

If the issue is resolved in a clean boot environment, you can start re-enabling services and startup items one by one to identify the culprit.

Step 4: Resetting or Reinstalling Windows

If all else fails, you can try resetting or reinstalling Windows to get a fresh start.

To reset Windows:

• Open the Start menu and search for “Reset this PC.”
• Click on “Get started” and select either “Keep my files” or “Remove everything” depending on your preference.
• Follow the prompts to complete the reset process.

If resetting doesn’t work, you can reinstall Windows using installation media or a recovery drive.

Remember, repairing Windows can be a time-consuming process, and it’s always best to start with the least invasive methods and work your way up to more drastic measures. If you’re unsure about any of the steps or encounter issues during the repair process, it’s recommended to seek assistance from a professional or contact Microsoft Support for further guidance.