The legalization of marijuana has become increasingly widespread, with 33 states in the U.S. permitting its medical use and 11 allowing recreational use. Despite this growing acceptance, a paradox remains: a broad public familiarity with marijuana exists, yet significant uncertainties and debates persist within the medical community regarding its safety and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, has been used for over 6,000 years. However, its smoke contains toxins, irritants, and carcinogens, similar to those found in cigarette smoke. These elements are known contributors to heart disease and cancer. It’s suggested that alternatives to smoking cannabis, such as using under-the-tongue tinctures, edibles, topical products, or dry herb vaporizers, might be safer options. Moreover, users are advised against holding the smoke in their lungs for extended periods, as this does not enhance the effects but could aggravate lung irritation.
The impact of marijuana on heart health is a significant concern. Research indicates that marijuana can increase heart rate and blood pressure, posing risks for individuals with heart disease. The likelihood of a heart attack is reportedly several times higher in the hour following marijuana use. Additionally, other studies have found connections between marijuana use and atrial fibrillation, a common type of irregular heartbeat.
Concerning cognitive and memory functions, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana, THC, attaches to receptors in the brain crucial for memory formation, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex. Long-term use of marijuana, for either medical or recreational purposes, may result in persistent cognitive impairments. A decline in IQ and deficits in learning and processing speed have been observed in long-term cannabis users compared to non-users, with greater usage linked to more significant cognitive impairment.
Furthermore, a study led by Stanford Medicine researchers found an increased risk of heart disease and heart attack among marijuana users. THC was shown to cause inflammation in endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, and contribute to atherosclerosis in laboratory mice.
In terms of behavioral effects, consistent use of marijuana during developmental years can impact educational outcomes. Young people who regularly use marijuana are less likely to finish high school or complete a college degree, often showing reduced attendance, homework completion, and academic performance.
Despite these findings, it’s important to recognize that the research on marijuana’s effects is ongoing, and conclusive evidence in many areas is still lacking. This ongoing research invites further investigation and a cautious approach to the use of marijuana, both for medical and recreational purposes.
For more detailed information, you can read about marijuana’s safe use and addiction at Harvard Health, Marijuana and Heart Health, and Safe Cannabis Use.
